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This very rare and beautiful 1640 map is by Melchior Tavernier. At North the map starts in Armenia going South to include Cyprus and part of Egypt. Moving West it includes part of Arabia, Babylon and Assyria. It also shows the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers flowing separately through Armenia and meeting in present day Iraq. The name Mesopotamia comes from the Greek word for between two rivers.
The Patriarchatus Antiocheni or Bishop of Antioch is reference to the overseer or Episkopos for which the title Bishop is derived. Ignatius Hidayat Allah was Patriarch of Antioch and all the East under the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1598 to his death in 1640. Interestingly, the Syriac Orthodox Church
was also known, informally, as the Jacobite Church. The Jacobite Rebellion was far reaching and enduring against Martin Luther's reformations but that is for a different map. The history of the areas of this map since the beginning of human establishment is very lengthy and even more, so intriguing.
Melchior Tavernier (1594-1665) was a French engraver and publisher. He was part of a family company that started with his Grandfather Gabriel l , who passed it on to Melchior's father Gabriel ll.
The family fled to Tours in 1589 to avoid the Catholic League occupying Paris at the time. There Gabriel
engraved 20 maps of France for Maurice Bouguereau's " Le Theatre Francais, ou sont comprises les chartes generales et particulieres de la France" which was the first atlas of France. After returning to France four years later the family set up shop at the house of La Huppe on the Point Marchand which
was passed down to Melchior's mother, Suzanne Tonnelier. Melchior became "graveur et imprimeur en
tallie douce du Roi", engraver and printer to the king in 1618. He also worked with Henry Hondius, Jan Jansen and others to produce some of the greatest maps of the period. At his retirement he sold part of his assets to Francois Langlois for five million livres and the rest to Pierre Mariette for eleven million. The reason why this map dated 1640 with Melchior's name on it is is important is because this plate he engraved was used by most notable publishing houses for nearly the next hundred years.
This highly decorative 1690 map is by Nicolas Visscher II. The area on the map goes as far North as Syria and as far South past the Dead Sea to what was Edom, both bracketing Palestine and ships dotting the Mediterranean Sea to the East. The map is oriented with the Mediterranean to the North.
Canaan was considered the area shown on this map with the inhabitants called Canaanites. This Aptronym was cited in Cuneiform, Egyptian and Phoenician dating back to the 15th century BCE.
Settled communities in this area date back to 8,000 BCE at the site of Jericho. The Egyptians dominated in Canaan between the 16th and 13th century BCE with the Philistines continuing their invasions when the Egyptians lost interest. The Canaanites were able to maintain strongholds of the
cities of the region against the Philistines. In the 10th century BCE, under the leadership of King David
The Israelites took the city of Jerusalem and for all intents and purposes the land of Israel was Born.
Nicolas or Nicolaes Visscher ll 1649-1702 was son of Nicolaes Visscher l and grandson of Claes Janszoon Visscher. They were a family of very prominent Dutch mapmakers and publishers. All of their maps and atlases are highly prized. They were some of the most decorated, large and accurate maps of the time, sometimes embellished with gold leaf and Visscher used the best Dutch artisans for the hand coloring.
A geographically engaging map by Giovanni Cassini. The Orient, A term originally to only include the far East originated during the reign of Emperor Diocletian back in the third century. Under the Eastern Roman Empire the term expanded into other regions through the Prefecture of the Orient in the fourth century and is titled in this 1800 map of Iran and part of the the Arabian Peninsula inclusive. Gli Imperi Antichi is in reference to the Ancient Empires. The Achaemenid Empire of Iran or the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great in 550-330 BC was the largest empire in history that enveloped 40% of the worlds population. This map encompasses Anatolia to the West to the borders of what was then India to the Caucasus in the North to the Persian and Oman Gulfs in the South. The Caspian Sea is displayed in the upper left. Written history of this area abounds since the third millennium BC.
Giovanni Maria Cassini (1745-1824) was a Italian cartographer and engraver based in Rome. Known for his accurate and apparent strong impressions he was one of the very few who engraved all of his own publications. His title cartouches are unmistakable but he was even more well know at the time for his globes which also made him a master at mathematics. This map is the rarest of his versions of this area of Persia.
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